Abstract:

The goal of this article is to answer the question in what way relational marketing and in particular, the concept of relational benefits, as well as quality of relation may influence the transfer of knowledge and technologies from universities to business. Another goal is to highlight significant, future directions of research in this area. Integration of the theory of relational marketing and technology transfer may create a new framework for fuller understanding of the ties between science and business. Research in this area may contribute to the expansion and development of the theory of relational marketing, which until now was limited to the analysis of relations within a single sector. The results of conducted research show that ties characterized by high relational engagement are common, recognized by both academic and business environment as precious and play an important role in stimulating innovations. The quality of relations and relational benefits may play an important role in building long-term ties between universities and the industry. Integration of behavioural theories with the theory of technology transfer may contribute to a better understanding of the behaviour of particular participants of the transfer on the individual level.

Abstract:

Science and technology are the driving forces increasing the global standards of living. The technology – wealth relationship is complex and not well understood presently but recent macro data tends to support Robert Solow’s 1957 observation that societal, company, and individual wealth and increased standards of living is created by application of science and technology to socio-economic challenges.  In 1987, Robert Solow received the Nobel Prize in Economics, for his insight that “seven-eighths” of the world’s increase in world wealth is due to advances in science and technology.   The challenges and costs of of wealth creation are identified. This paper explores wealth as defined by GDP/capita, and the current correlations between world /GDP per capita and R&D spending, the number of scientific and technical articles, and number of patents applications from 2000 to 2012 / 2013 with a forecast of world GDP/ capita to 2025 of approximately $15,000 USD from today’s $10,000 USD.

Abstract:

Research institutes now have a chance to take the leading role in the system of commercialization of the effects of R&D works. To take advantage of this chance they have to strengthen their position on the market through, among others, reorganization of structures and focus on quality management. Multi-aspect approach to the issue of quality in the activity of research institutes based on the analysis of the group of stakeholders and products has led to the formation of the concept for the establishment of a quality management platform – an entity gathering 3 sections:
1) Section of Quality Management Systems,
2) Section of Scientific Information,
3) Section of Cooperation with the Client.
The choice of the above areas, according to the author, corresponds to the specific character of the functioning of research institutes and emphasizes the need to improve and guarantee quality in this (often undervalued) sphere.

Abstract:

In this article the author verifies the thesis that the popularity of investing in research and development activity (R&D)  in enterprises operating in the Member States of the European Union is variable and diverse. The basis of such verification is a statistical-comparative analysis of the results of the empirical researches on innovative trends in EU companies. The study was conducted in February 2015 by TNS Political & Social in 28 Member States of the European Union, Switzerland and the United States. Analysis of the popularity of investing in R&D in enterprises is carried out in  the following 3 dimensions: 1) the popularity of investing in R&D according to the country, 2) the popularity of investing in R&D according to the category of enterprises, 3) the volume of turnover invested in R&D according to country. The results of the studies confirmed the research thesis.

Abstract:

The development of technology and IT tools have brought about an extraordinary acceleration of the public relations branch around the whole world.  We live in the times of revolution in communication, in which one year is whole eternity. Messages, the speed of their publication, the tools are changing. The sender and the recipient, who have become used to the dynamics of the message and the fact that it is and will be distributed without spatial and temporal limitations, are changing too. Netscape browser, wp.pl, the era of Wikipedia, Facebook, dynamically developing YouTube, or Nasza Klasa, Twitter and a whole range of other tools from the scope of social media, as well as monitoring systems – these are just chosen stages, or as others think, milestones in the pursuit of novelty and new forms of distribution of information. It is in times like these that public relations experts have to create, send and receive messages. Back at the end of 1990’s hardly anyone expected that such changes could take place. It is also hard to predict what we will see in a few, or a dozen years. One thing is certain, namely, that changes will be taking place and will be even faster than now.

As the currently modern media already have a significant impact on voting decisions, or social transformation, the process is analysed and studied in detail. Moreover, what is subject to research is the question whether communication on the Internet should be based on mass communication, or rather on an individual approach. Private individuals make decisions based on their own needs, but companies have to analyse many factors that influence final decisions concerning the choice of tools, or the very decision concerning communication. Among these factors there are: scope, availability of tools, even the branch in which a company is active.

This article includes a presentation of chosen tools used in the process of unilateral communication with the environment, but also tools used for dialogue. Unilateral communication discussed in this article doesn’t assume a response from the recipient, apart from a possible decision to take action in form of purchase, or clicking. At the same time dialogue gives the opportunity to interact, exchange thoughts and ideas, direct assessment. Moreover, the benefits from the process of conducting dialogue online, as well as the barriers hampering the dialogue will be presented. Also, the directions of changes taking place in association with the dynamic development of online communication tools and processes will be presented.